refactor(core): Generalize binary data manager interface (no-changelog) (#7164)

Depends on: #7092 | Story:
[PAY-768](https://linear.app/n8n/issue/PAY-768)

This PR: 
- Generalizes the `IBinaryDataManager` interface.
- Adjusts `Filesystem.ts` to satisfy the interface.
- Sets up an S3 client stub to be filled in in the next PR.
- Turns `BinaryDataManager` into an injectable service.
- Adjusts the config schema and adds new validators.

Note that the PR looks large but all the main changes are in
`packages/core/src/binaryData`.

Out of scope:
- `BinaryDataManager` (now `BinaryDataService`) and `Filesystem.ts` (now
`fs.client.ts`) were slightly refactored for maintainability, but fully
overhauling them is **not** the focus of this PR, which is meant to
clear the way for the S3 implementation. Future improvements for these
two should include setting up a backwards-compatible dir structure that
makes it easier to locate binary data files to delete, removing
duplication, simplifying cloning methods, using integers for binary data
size instead of `prettyBytes()`, writing tests for existing binary data
logic, etc.

---------

Co-authored-by: कारतोफ्फेलस्क्रिप्ट™ <aditya@netroy.in>

packages/cli/src/config/schema.ts

@@ -2,28 +2,21 @@ import path from 'path';
 import convict from 'convict';
 import { UserSettings } from 'n8n-core';
 import { jsonParse } from 'n8n-workflow';
+import { ensureStringArray } from './utils';
 
 convict.addFormat({
-	name: 'nodes-list',
-	// @ts-ignore
-	validate(values: string[], { env }: { env: string }): void {
-		try {
-			if (!Array.isArray(values)) {
-				throw new Error();
-			}
+	name: 'json-string-array',
+	coerce: (rawStr: string) =>
+		jsonParse<string[]>(rawStr, {
+			errorMessage: `Expected this value "${rawStr}" to be valid JSON`,
+		}),
+	validate: ensureStringArray,
+});
 
-			for (const value of values) {
-				if (typeof value !== 'string') {
-					throw new Error();
-				}
-			}
-		} catch (error) {
-			throw new TypeError(`${env} is not a valid Array of strings.`);
-		}
-	},
-	coerce(rawValue: string): string[] {
-		return jsonParse(rawValue, { errorMessage: 'nodes-list needs to be valid JSON' });
-	},
+convict.addFormat({
+	name: 'comma-separated-list',
+	coerce: (rawStr: string) => rawStr.split(','),
+	validate: ensureStringArray,
 });
 
 export const schema = {
@@ -788,13 +781,13 @@ export const schema = {
 	nodes: {
 		include: {
 			doc: 'Nodes to load',
-			format: 'nodes-list',
+			format: 'json-string-array',
 			default: undefined,
 			env: 'NODES_INCLUDE',
 		},
 		exclude: {
 			doc: 'Nodes not to load',
-			format: 'nodes-list',
+			format: 'json-string-array',
 			default: undefined,
 			env: 'NODES_EXCLUDE',
 		},
@@ -902,7 +895,7 @@ export const schema = {
 
 	binaryDataManager: {
 		availableModes: {
-			format: String,
+			format: 'comma-separated-list',
 			default: 'filesystem',
 			env: 'N8N_AVAILABLE_BINARY_DATA_MODES',
 			doc: 'Available modes of binary data storage, as comma separated strings',