refactor(core): Generalize binary data manager interface (no-changelog) (#7164)

Depends on: #7092 | Story:
[PAY-768](https://linear.app/n8n/issue/PAY-768)

This PR: 
- Generalizes the `IBinaryDataManager` interface.
- Adjusts `Filesystem.ts` to satisfy the interface.
- Sets up an S3 client stub to be filled in in the next PR.
- Turns `BinaryDataManager` into an injectable service.
- Adjusts the config schema and adds new validators.

Note that the PR looks large but all the main changes are in
`packages/core/src/binaryData`.

Out of scope:
- `BinaryDataManager` (now `BinaryDataService`) and `Filesystem.ts` (now
`fs.client.ts`) were slightly refactored for maintainability, but fully
overhauling them is **not** the focus of this PR, which is meant to
clear the way for the S3 implementation. Future improvements for these
two should include setting up a backwards-compatible dir structure that
makes it easier to locate binary data files to delete, removing
duplication, simplifying cloning methods, using integers for binary data
size instead of `prettyBytes()`, writing tests for existing binary data
logic, etc.

---------

Co-authored-by: कारतोफ्फेलस्क्रिप्ट™ <aditya@netroy.in>

packages/cli/test/integration/commands/worker.cmd.test.ts

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ import { LoggerProxy } from 'n8n-workflow';
 import { Telemetry } from '@/telemetry';
 import { getLogger } from '@/Logger';
 import { ExternalSecretsManager } from '@/ExternalSecrets/ExternalSecretsManager.ee';
-import { BinaryDataManager } from 'n8n-core';
+import { BinaryDataService } from 'n8n-core';
 import { CacheService } from '@/services/cache.service';
 import { RedisServicePubSubPublisher } from '@/services/redis/RedisServicePubSubPublisher';
 import { RedisServicePubSubSubscriber } from '@/services/redis/RedisServicePubSubSubscriber';
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ beforeAll(async () => {
 	mockInstance(InternalHooks);
 	mockInstance(CacheService);
 	mockInstance(ExternalSecretsManager);
-	mockInstance(BinaryDataManager);
+	mockInstance(BinaryDataService);
 	mockInstance(MessageEventBus);
 	mockInstance(LoadNodesAndCredentials);
 	mockInstance(CredentialTypes);
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ test('worker initializes all its components', async () => {
 
 	jest.spyOn(worker, 'init');
 	jest.spyOn(worker, 'initLicense').mockImplementation(async () => {});
-	jest.spyOn(worker, 'initBinaryManager').mockImplementation(async () => {});
+	jest.spyOn(worker, 'initBinaryDataService').mockImplementation(async () => {});
 	jest.spyOn(worker, 'initExternalHooks').mockImplementation(async () => {});
 	jest.spyOn(worker, 'initExternalSecrets').mockImplementation(async () => {});
 	jest.spyOn(worker, 'initEventBus').mockImplementation(async () => {});
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ test('worker initializes all its components', async () => {
 	expect(worker.uniqueInstanceId).toContain('worker');
 	expect(worker.uniqueInstanceId.length).toBeGreaterThan(15);
 	expect(worker.initLicense).toHaveBeenCalled();
-	expect(worker.initBinaryManager).toHaveBeenCalled();
+	expect(worker.initBinaryDataService).toHaveBeenCalled();
 	expect(worker.initExternalHooks).toHaveBeenCalled();
 	expect(worker.initExternalSecrets).toHaveBeenCalled();
 	expect(worker.initEventBus).toHaveBeenCalled();