refactor(core): Generalize binary data manager interface (no-changelog) (#7164)

Depends on: #7092 | Story:
[PAY-768](https://linear.app/n8n/issue/PAY-768)

This PR: 
- Generalizes the `IBinaryDataManager` interface.
- Adjusts `Filesystem.ts` to satisfy the interface.
- Sets up an S3 client stub to be filled in in the next PR.
- Turns `BinaryDataManager` into an injectable service.
- Adjusts the config schema and adds new validators.

Note that the PR looks large but all the main changes are in
`packages/core/src/binaryData`.

Out of scope:
- `BinaryDataManager` (now `BinaryDataService`) and `Filesystem.ts` (now
`fs.client.ts`) were slightly refactored for maintainability, but fully
overhauling them is **not** the focus of this PR, which is meant to
clear the way for the S3 implementation. Future improvements for these
two should include setting up a backwards-compatible dir structure that
makes it easier to locate binary data files to delete, removing
duplication, simplifying cloning methods, using integers for binary data
size instead of `prettyBytes()`, writing tests for existing binary data
logic, etc.

---------

Co-authored-by: कारतोफ्फेलस्क्रिप्ट™ <aditya@netroy.in>

packages/cli/test/integration/shared/utils/index.ts

@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 import { Container } from 'typedi';
 import { randomBytes } from 'crypto';
 import { existsSync } from 'fs';
-import { BinaryDataManager, UserSettings } from 'n8n-core';
+import { BinaryDataService, UserSettings } from 'n8n-core';
 import type { INode } from 'n8n-workflow';
 import { GithubApi } from 'n8n-nodes-base/credentials/GithubApi.credentials';
 import { Ftp } from 'n8n-nodes-base/credentials/Ftp.credentials';
@@ -72,11 +72,14 @@ export async function initNodeTypes() {
 }
 
 /**
- * Initialize a BinaryManager for test runs.
+ * Initialize a BinaryDataService for test runs.
  */
-export async function initBinaryManager() {
-	const binaryDataConfig = config.getEnv('binaryDataManager');
-	await BinaryDataManager.init(binaryDataConfig);
+export async function initBinaryDataService() {
+	const binaryDataService = new BinaryDataService();
+
+	await binaryDataService.init(config.getEnv('binaryDataManager'));
+
+	Container.set(BinaryDataService, binaryDataService);
 }
 
 /**