refactor(core): Reorganize error hierarchy in core and workflow packages (no-changelog) (#7820)

Ensure all errors in `core` and `workflow` inherit from
`ApplicationError` so that we start normalizing all the errors we report
to Sentry

Follow-up to:
https://github.com/n8n-io/n8n/pull/7757#discussion_r1404338844

### `core` package

`ApplicationError`
- `FileSystemError` (abstract)
	- `FileNotFoundError`
	- `DisallowedFilepathError`
- `BinaryDataError` (abstract)
	- `InvalidModeError`
	- `InvalidManagerError`
- `InvalidExecutionMetadataError`

### `workflow` package

`ApplicationError`
- `ExecutionBaseError` (abstract)
	- `WorkflowActivationError`
		- `WorkflowDeactivationError`
		- `WebhookTakenError`
	- `WorkflowOperationError`
		- `SubworkflowOperationError`
			- `CliWorkflowOperationError`
	- `ExpressionError`
		- `ExpressionExtensionError`
	- `NodeError` (abstract)
		- `NodeOperationError`
		- `NodeApiError`
	- `NodeSSLError`

Up next:
- Reorganize errors in `cli`
- Flatten the hierarchy in `workflow` (do we really need
`ExecutionBaseError`?)
- Remove `ExecutionError` type
- Stop throwing plain `Error`s
- Replace `severity` with `level`
- Add node and credential types as `tags`
- Add workflow IDs and execution IDs as `extras`

packages/core/src/WorkflowExecute.ts

@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@ import { setMaxListeners } from 'events';
 import PCancelable from 'p-cancelable';
 
 import type {
-	ExecutionError,
+	ExecutionBaseError,
 	ExecutionStatus,
 	GenericValue,
 	IConnection,
@@ -797,7 +797,7 @@ export class WorkflowExecute {
 
 		// Variables which hold temporary data for each node-execution
 		let executionData: IExecuteData;
-		let executionError: ExecutionError | undefined;
+		let executionError: ExecutionBaseError | undefined;
 		let executionNode: INode;
 		let nodeSuccessData: INodeExecutionData[][] | null | undefined;
 		let runIndex: number;
@@ -838,11 +838,13 @@ export class WorkflowExecute {
 						await this.executeHook('workflowExecuteBefore', [workflow]);
 					}
 				} catch (error) {
+					const e = error as unknown as ExecutionBaseError;
+
 					// Set the error that it can be saved correctly
 					executionError = {
-						...(error as NodeOperationError | NodeApiError),
-						message: (error as NodeOperationError | NodeApiError).message,
-						stack: (error as NodeOperationError | NodeApiError).stack,
+						...e,
+						message: e.message,
+						stack: e.stack,
 					};
 
 					// Set the incoming data of the node that it can be saved correctly
@@ -1253,10 +1255,12 @@ export class WorkflowExecute {
 						} catch (error) {
 							this.runExecutionData.resultData.lastNodeExecuted = executionData.node.name;
 
+							const e = error as unknown as ExecutionBaseError;
+
 							executionError = {
-								...(error as NodeOperationError | NodeApiError),
-								message: (error as NodeOperationError | NodeApiError).message,
-								stack: (error as NodeOperationError | NodeApiError).stack,
+								...e,
+								message: e.message,
+								stack: e.stack,
 							};
 
 							Logger.debug(`Running node "${executionNode.name}" finished with error`, {
@@ -1325,11 +1329,17 @@ export class WorkflowExecute {
 								lineResult.json.$error !== undefined &&
 								lineResult.json.$json !== undefined
 							) {
+								// eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/ban-ts-comment
+								// @ts-ignore
 								lineResult.error = lineResult.json.$error as NodeApiError | NodeOperationError;
 								lineResult.json = {
+									// eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/ban-ts-comment
+									// @ts-ignore
 									error: (lineResult.json.$error as NodeApiError | NodeOperationError).message,
 								};
 							} else if (lineResult.error !== undefined) {
+								// eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/ban-ts-comment
+								// @ts-ignore
 								lineResult.json = { error: lineResult.error.message };
 							}
 						}
@@ -1697,7 +1707,7 @@ export class WorkflowExecute {
 	async processSuccessExecution(
 		startedAt: Date,
 		workflow: Workflow,
-		executionError?: ExecutionError,
+		executionError?: ExecutionBaseError,
 		closeFunction?: Promise<void>,
 	): Promise<IRun> {
 		const fullRunData = this.getFullRunData(startedAt);
@@ -1711,7 +1721,7 @@ export class WorkflowExecute {
 				...executionError,
 				message: executionError.message,
 				stack: executionError.stack,
-			} as ExecutionError;
+			} as ExecutionBaseError;
 			if (executionError.message?.includes('canceled')) {
 				fullRunData.status = 'canceled';
 			}