feat: Enforce data-stores limits (no-changelog) (#19116)

Co-authored-by: Charlie Kolb <charlie@n8n.io>

packages/@n8n/api-types/src/frontend-settings.ts

@@ -81,6 +81,10 @@ export interface FrontendSettings {
 		disableSessionRecording: boolean;
 		debug: boolean;
 	};
+	dataTables: {
+		maxSize: number;
+		warningThreshold: number;
+	};
 	personalizationSurveyEnabled: boolean;
 	defaultLocale: string;
 	userManagement: IUserManagementSettings;

packages/@n8n/config/src/configs/data-table.config.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+import { Config, Env } from '../decorators';
+
+@Config
+export class DataTableConfig {
+	/** Specifies the maximum allowed size (in bytes) for data tables. */
+	@Env('N8N_DATA_TABLES_MAX_SIZE_BYTES')
+	maxSize: number = 100 * 1024 * 1024;
+
+	/**
+	 * The percentage threshold at which a warning is triggered for data tables.
+	 * When the usage of a data table reaches or exceeds this value, a warning is issued.
+	 */
+	@Env('N8N_DATA_TABLES_WARNING_THRESHOLD_BYTES')
+	warningThreshold: number = 95 * 1024 * 1024;
+
+	/**
+	 * The duration in milliseconds for which the data table size is cached.
+	 * This prevents excessive database queries for size validation.
+	 */
+	@Env('N8N_DATA_TABLES_SIZE_CHECK_CACHE_DURATION_MS')
+	sizeCheckCacheDuration: number = 5 * 1000;
+}

packages/@n8n/config/src/index.ts

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ import { AiConfig } from './configs/ai.config';
 import { AuthConfig } from './configs/auth.config';
 import { CacheConfig } from './configs/cache.config';
 import { CredentialsConfig } from './configs/credentials.config';
+import { DataTableConfig } from './configs/data-table.config';
 import { DatabaseConfig } from './configs/database.config';
 import { DeploymentConfig } from './configs/deployment.config';
 import { DiagnosticsConfig } from './configs/diagnostics.config';
@@ -209,4 +210,7 @@ export class GlobalConfig {
 
 	@Nested
 	ai: AiConfig;
+
+	@Nested
+	dataTable: DataTableConfig;
 }

packages/@n8n/config/test/config.test.ts

@@ -52,6 +52,11 @@ describe('GlobalConfig', () => {
 		ssl_key: '',
 		ssl_cert: '',
 		editorBaseUrl: '',
+		dataTable: {
+			maxSize: 100 * 1024 * 1024,
+			warningThreshold: 95 * 1024 * 1024,
+			sizeCheckCacheDuration: 5000,
+		},
 		database: {
 			logging: {
 				enabled: false,

packages/cli/src/modules/data-table/__tests__/data-store-size-validator.service.test.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,230 @@
+import { mockInstance } from '@n8n/backend-test-utils';
+import { GlobalConfig } from '@n8n/config';
+
+import { DataStoreSizeValidator } from '../data-store-size-validator.service';
+
+describe('DataStoreSizeValidator', () => {
+	let validator: DataStoreSizeValidator;
+	let fetchSizeFn: jest.Mock;
+	const globalConfig = mockInstance(GlobalConfig, {
+		dataTable: {
+			sizeCheckCacheDuration: 1000,
+			warningThreshold: 90 * 1024 * 1024,
+			maxSize: 100 * 1024 * 1024,
+		},
+	});
+	beforeEach(() => {
+		validator = new DataStoreSizeValidator(globalConfig);
+		fetchSizeFn = jest.fn();
+	});
+
+	describe('basic functionality', () => {
+		it('should fetch size on first call', async () => {
+			fetchSizeFn.mockResolvedValue(50 * 1024 * 1024); // 50MB
+
+			await validator.validateSize(fetchSizeFn, new Date('2024-01-01T00:00:00Z'));
+
+			expect(fetchSizeFn).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+		});
+
+		it('should pass validation when size is under limit', async () => {
+			fetchSizeFn.mockResolvedValue(50 * 1024 * 1024);
+
+			await expect(
+				validator.validateSize(fetchSizeFn, new Date('2024-01-01T00:00:00Z')),
+			).resolves.toBeUndefined();
+		});
+
+		it('should throw error when size exceeds limit', async () => {
+			fetchSizeFn.mockResolvedValue(150 * 1024 * 1024);
+
+			await expect(
+				validator.validateSize(fetchSizeFn, new Date('2024-01-01T00:00:00Z')),
+			).rejects.toThrow('Data store size limit exceeded: 150MB used, limit is 100MB');
+		});
+
+		it('should throw error when size equals limit', async () => {
+			fetchSizeFn.mockResolvedValue(100 * 1024 * 1024);
+
+			await expect(
+				validator.validateSize(fetchSizeFn, new Date('2024-01-01T00:00:00Z')),
+			).rejects.toThrow('Data store size limit exceeded: 100MB used, limit is 100MB');
+		});
+	});
+
+	describe('caching behavior', () => {
+		it('should use cached value within cache duration', async () => {
+			fetchSizeFn.mockResolvedValue(50);
+			const time1 = new Date('2024-01-01T00:00:00Z');
+			const time2 = new Date('2024-01-01T00:00:00.500Z'); // 500ms later
+
+			await validator.validateSize(fetchSizeFn, time1);
+			await validator.validateSize(fetchSizeFn, time2);
+
+			expect(fetchSizeFn).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+		});
+
+		it('should refresh cache after cache duration expires', async () => {
+			fetchSizeFn.mockResolvedValue(50 * 1024 * 1024);
+			const time1 = new Date('2024-01-01T00:00:00Z');
+			const time2 = new Date('2024-01-01T00:00:01.001Z'); // 1001ms later
+
+			await validator.validateSize(fetchSizeFn, time1);
+			await validator.validateSize(fetchSizeFn, time2);
+
+			expect(fetchSizeFn).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(2);
+		});
+
+		it('should always validate against cached value even without refresh', async () => {
+			// First call: DB at 50MB
+			fetchSizeFn.mockResolvedValue(50 * 1024 * 1024);
+			const time1 = new Date('2024-01-01T00:00:00Z');
+			await validator.validateSize(fetchSizeFn, time1);
+
+			// Second call within cache duration: should still validate against 50MB
+			const time2 = new Date('2024-01-01T00:00:00.500Z');
+			await expect(validator.validateSize(fetchSizeFn, time2)).resolves.toBeUndefined();
+
+			// Even though fetchSizeFn wasn't called again
+			expect(fetchSizeFn).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+		});
+
+		it('should fail validation once cached value shows full DB', async () => {
+			// First call: DB becomes full (100MB)
+			fetchSizeFn.mockResolvedValue(100 * 1024 * 1024);
+			const time1 = new Date('2024-01-01T00:00:00Z');
+
+			await expect(validator.validateSize(fetchSizeFn, time1)).rejects.toThrow(
+				'Data store size limit exceeded: 100MB used, limit is 100MB',
+			);
+
+			// Subsequent calls within cache duration should also fail
+			const time2 = new Date('2024-01-01T00:00:00.500Z');
+			await expect(validator.validateSize(fetchSizeFn, time2)).rejects.toThrow(
+				'Data store size limit exceeded: 100MB used, limit is 100MB',
+			);
+
+			// Size was only fetched once
+			expect(fetchSizeFn).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+		});
+	});
+
+	describe('concurrent calls', () => {
+		it('should handle concurrent calls correctly', async () => {
+			let resolveCheck: (value: number) => void;
+			const checkPromise = new Promise<number>((resolve) => {
+				resolveCheck = resolve;
+			});
+
+			fetchSizeFn.mockImplementation(async () => await checkPromise);
+
+			const time = new Date('2024-01-01T00:00:00Z');
+
+			// Start multiple concurrent calls
+			const promise1 = validator.validateSize(fetchSizeFn, time);
+			const promise2 = validator.validateSize(fetchSizeFn, time);
+			const promise3 = validator.validateSize(fetchSizeFn, time);
+
+			// Let promises start
+			await new Promise((resolve) => setImmediate(resolve));
+
+			// Resolve the check with a value under the limit
+			resolveCheck!(50 * 1024 * 1024);
+
+			await Promise.all([promise1, promise2, promise3]);
+
+			// Should only fetch once
+			expect(fetchSizeFn).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+		});
+
+		it('should share failure state among concurrent calls', async () => {
+			let resolveCheck: (value: number) => void;
+			const checkPromise = new Promise<number>((resolve) => {
+				resolveCheck = resolve;
+			});
+
+			fetchSizeFn.mockImplementation(async () => await checkPromise);
+
+			const time = new Date('2024-01-01T00:00:00Z');
+
+			// Start multiple concurrent calls
+			const promise1 = validator.validateSize(fetchSizeFn, time);
+			const promise2 = validator.validateSize(fetchSizeFn, time);
+			const promise3 = validator.validateSize(fetchSizeFn, time);
+
+			// Resolve with size over limit
+			resolveCheck!(150 * 1024 * 1024);
+
+			// All should fail with the same error
+			await expect(promise1).rejects.toThrow(
+				'Data store size limit exceeded: 150MB used, limit is 100MB',
+			);
+			await expect(promise2).rejects.toThrow(
+				'Data store size limit exceeded: 150MB used, limit is 100MB',
+			);
+			await expect(promise3).rejects.toThrow(
+				'Data store size limit exceeded: 150MB used, limit is 100MB',
+			);
+
+			// Should only fetch once
+			expect(fetchSizeFn).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+		});
+	});
+
+	describe('reset functionality', () => {
+		it('should clear cache when reset is called', async () => {
+			fetchSizeFn.mockResolvedValue(50 * 1024 * 1024);
+			const time1 = new Date('2024-01-01T00:00:00Z');
+
+			// First call
+			await validator.validateSize(fetchSizeFn, time1);
+			expect(fetchSizeFn).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(1);
+
+			// Reset the cache
+			validator.reset();
+
+			// Next call should fetch again even within cache duration
+			const time2 = new Date('2024-01-01T00:00:00.500Z');
+			await validator.validateSize(fetchSizeFn, time2);
+			expect(fetchSizeFn).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(2);
+		});
+	});
+
+	describe('edge case: DB becomes full after initial check', () => {
+		it('should correctly handle DB becoming full between cached checks', async () => {
+			// This test verifies that the validator maintains consistency within cache windows.
+			// Timeline:
+			// t=0: DB at 99MB - fetch and cache this value (99 < 100 limit, so passes)
+			// t=500ms: In reality, DB grows to 100MB, but we don't know yet (still using cached 99MB)
+			//          New request validates against cached 99MB - correctly PASSES
+			//          This is expected behavior: we maintain consistency within the cache window
+			// t=1001ms: Cache expires, fetch new value (100MB), validation now correctly FAILS
+			// t=1500ms: Still within new cache window, uses cached 100MB, continues to FAIL
+
+			// First check: DB at 99MB (under limit)
+			fetchSizeFn.mockResolvedValueOnce(99 * 1024 * 1024);
+			const time1 = new Date('2024-01-01T00:00:00Z');
+			await expect(validator.validateSize(fetchSizeFn, time1)).resolves.toBeUndefined();
+
+			// Within cache duration: still validates against cached 99MB
+			// This PASSES, which is correct - we're being consistent within our cache window
+			const time2 = new Date('2024-01-01T00:00:00.500Z');
+			await expect(validator.validateSize(fetchSizeFn, time2)).resolves.toBeUndefined();
+
+			// After cache expires: new check fetches current state showing DB is now full
+			fetchSizeFn.mockResolvedValueOnce(100 * 1024 * 1024);
+			const time3 = new Date('2024-01-01T00:00:01.001Z');
+			await expect(validator.validateSize(fetchSizeFn, time3)).rejects.toThrow(
+				'Data store size limit exceeded: 100MB used, limit is 100MB',
+			);
+
+			// Subsequent calls use the cached "full" state and continue to fail correctly
+			const time4 = new Date('2024-01-01T00:00:01.500Z');
+			await expect(validator.validateSize(fetchSizeFn, time4)).rejects.toThrow(
+				'Data store size limit exceeded: 100MB used, limit is 100MB',
+			);
+
+			expect(fetchSizeFn).toHaveBeenCalledTimes(2);
+		});
+	});
+});

packages/cli/src/modules/data-table/__tests__/data-store.service.test.ts

@@ -1,11 +1,13 @@
 /* eslint-disable @typescript-eslint/no-unsafe-assignment */
 import type { AddDataStoreColumnDto, CreateDataStoreColumnDto } from '@n8n/api-types';
 import { createTeamProject, testDb, testModules } from '@n8n/backend-test-utils';
+import { GlobalConfig } from '@n8n/config';
 import type { Project } from '@n8n/db';
 import { Container } from '@n8n/di';
 import type { DataStoreRow } from 'n8n-workflow';
 
 import { DataStoreRowsRepository } from '../data-store-rows.repository';
+import { DataStoreSizeValidator } from '../data-store-size-validator.service';
 import { DataStoreRepository } from '../data-store.repository';
 import { DataStoreService } from '../data-store.service';
 import { DataStoreColumnNameConflictError } from '../errors/data-store-column-name-conflict.error';
@@ -13,6 +15,7 @@ import { DataStoreColumnNotFoundError } from '../errors/data-store-column-not-fo
 import { DataStoreNameConflictError } from '../errors/data-store-name-conflict.error';
 import { DataStoreNotFoundError } from '../errors/data-store-not-found.error';
 import { DataStoreValidationError } from '../errors/data-store-validation.error';
+import { toTableName } from '../utils/sql-utils';
 
 beforeAll(async () => {
 	await testModules.loadModules(['data-table']);
@@ -21,6 +24,8 @@ beforeAll(async () => {
 
 beforeEach(async () => {
 	await testDb.truncate(['DataTable', 'DataTableColumn']);
+	const dataStoreSizeValidator = Container.get(DataStoreSizeValidator);
+	dataStoreSizeValidator.reset();
 });
 
 afterAll(async () => {
@@ -71,7 +76,7 @@ describe('dataStore', () => {
 			]);
 
 			// Select the column from user table to check for its existence
-			const userTableName = dataStoreRowsRepository.toTableName(dataTableId);
+			const userTableName = toTableName(dataTableId);
 			const rows = await dataStoreRepository.manager
 				.createQueryBuilder()
 				.select('foo')
@@ -94,7 +99,7 @@ describe('dataStore', () => {
 
 			await expect(dataStoreService.getColumns(dataStoreId, project1.id)).resolves.toEqual([]);
 
-			const userTableName = dataStoreRowsRepository.toTableName(dataStoreId);
+			const userTableName = toTableName(dataStoreId);
 			const queryRunner = dataStoreRepository.manager.connection.createQueryRunner();
 			try {
 				const table = await queryRunner.getTable(userTableName);
@@ -223,7 +228,7 @@ describe('dataStore', () => {
 
 			// ACT
 			const result = await dataStoreService.deleteDataStore(dataStoreId, project1.id);
-			const userTableName = dataStoreRowsRepository.toTableName(dataStoreId);
+			const userTableName = toTableName(dataStoreId);
 
 			// ASSERT
 			expect(result).toEqual(true);
@@ -303,7 +308,7 @@ describe('dataStore', () => {
 				}),
 			]);
 
-			const userTableName = dataStoreRowsRepository.toTableName(dataTableId);
+			const userTableName = toTableName(dataTableId);
 			const queryRunner = dataStoreRepository.manager.connection.createQueryRunner();
 			try {
 				const table = await queryRunner.getTable(userTableName);
@@ -360,7 +365,7 @@ describe('dataStore', () => {
 				}),
 			]);
 
-			const userTableName = dataStoreRowsRepository.toTableName(dataTableId);
+			const userTableName = toTableName(dataTableId);
 			const queryRunner = dataStoreRepository.manager.connection.createQueryRunner();
 			try {
 				const table = await queryRunner.getTable(userTableName);
@@ -2497,4 +2502,92 @@ describe('dataStore', () => {
 			await expect(result).rejects.toThrow(DataStoreValidationError);
 		});
 	});
+
+	describe('size validation', () => {
+		it('should prevent insertRows when size limit exceeded', async () => {
+			// ARRANGE
+			const dataStoreSizeValidator = Container.get(DataStoreSizeValidator);
+			dataStoreSizeValidator.reset();
+
+			const maxSize = Container.get(GlobalConfig).dataTable.maxSize;
+
+			const { id: dataStoreId } = await dataStoreService.createDataStore(project1.id, {
+				name: 'dataStore',
+				columns: [{ name: 'data', type: 'string' }],
+			});
+
+			const mockFindDataTablesSize = jest
+				.spyOn(dataStoreRepository, 'findDataTablesSize')
+				.mockResolvedValue(maxSize + 1);
+
+			// ACT & ASSERT
+			await expect(
+				dataStoreService.insertRows(dataStoreId, project1.id, [{ data: 'test' }]),
+			).rejects.toThrow(DataStoreValidationError);
+
+			expect(mockFindDataTablesSize).toHaveBeenCalled();
+			mockFindDataTablesSize.mockRestore();
+		});
+
+		it('should prevent updateRow when size limit exceeded', async () => {
+			// ARRANGE
+			const dataStoreSizeValidator = Container.get(DataStoreSizeValidator);
+			dataStoreSizeValidator.reset();
+
+			const maxSize = Container.get(GlobalConfig).dataTable.maxSize;
+
+			const { id: dataStoreId } = await dataStoreService.createDataStore(project1.id, {
+				name: 'dataStore',
+				columns: [{ name: 'data', type: 'string' }],
+			});
+
+			// Now mock the size check to be over limit
+			const mockFindDataTablesSize = jest
+				.spyOn(dataStoreRepository, 'findDataTablesSize')
+				.mockResolvedValue(maxSize + 1);
+
+			// ACT & ASSERT
+			await expect(
+				dataStoreService.updateRow(dataStoreId, project1.id, {
+					filter: {
+						type: 'and',
+						filters: [{ columnName: 'id', condition: 'eq', value: 1 }],
+					},
+					data: { data: 'updated' },
+				}),
+			).rejects.toThrow(DataStoreValidationError);
+
+			expect(mockFindDataTablesSize).toHaveBeenCalled();
+			mockFindDataTablesSize.mockRestore();
+		});
+
+		it('should prevent upsertRow when size limit exceeded (insert case)', async () => {
+			// ARRANGE
+
+			const maxSize = Container.get(GlobalConfig).dataTable.maxSize;
+
+			const { id: dataStoreId } = await dataStoreService.createDataStore(project1.id, {
+				name: 'dataStore',
+				columns: [{ name: 'data', type: 'string' }],
+			});
+
+			const mockFindDataTablesSize = jest
+				.spyOn(dataStoreRepository, 'findDataTablesSize')
+				.mockResolvedValue(maxSize + 1);
+
+			// ACT & ASSERT
+			await expect(
+				dataStoreService.upsertRow(dataStoreId, project1.id, {
+					filter: {
+						type: 'and',
+						filters: [{ columnName: 'data', condition: 'eq', value: 'nonexistent' }],
+					},
+					data: { data: 'new' },
+				}),
+			).rejects.toThrow(DataStoreValidationError);
+
+			expect(mockFindDataTablesSize).toHaveBeenCalled();
+			mockFindDataTablesSize.mockRestore();
+		});
+	});
 });

packages/cli/src/modules/data-table/data-store-aggregate.controller.ts

@@ -3,10 +3,14 @@ import { AuthenticatedRequest } from '@n8n/db';
 import { Get, GlobalScope, Query, RestController } from '@n8n/decorators';
 
 import { DataStoreAggregateService } from './data-store-aggregate.service';
+import { DataStoreService } from './data-store.service';
 
 @RestController('/data-tables-global')
 export class DataStoreAggregateController {
-	constructor(private readonly dataStoreAggregateService: DataStoreAggregateService) {}
+	constructor(
+		private readonly dataStoreAggregateService: DataStoreAggregateService,
+		private readonly dataStoreService: DataStoreService,
+	) {}
 
 	@Get('/')
 	@GlobalScope('dataStore:list')
@@ -17,4 +21,10 @@ export class DataStoreAggregateController {
 	) {
 		return await this.dataStoreAggregateService.getManyAndCount(req.user, payload);
 	}
+
+	@Get('/limits')
+	@GlobalScope('dataStore:list')
+	async getDataTablesSize() {
+		return await this.dataStoreService.getDataTablesSize();
+	}
 }

packages/cli/src/modules/data-table/data-store-column.repository.ts

@@ -4,8 +4,8 @@ import { DataSource, EntityManager, Repository } from '@n8n/typeorm';
 import { UnexpectedError } from 'n8n-workflow';
 
 import { DataStoreRowsRepository } from './data-store-rows.repository';
-import { DataTable } from './data-table.entity';
 import { DataTableColumn } from './data-table-column.entity';
+import { DataTable } from './data-table.entity';
 import { DataStoreColumnNameConflictError } from './errors/data-store-column-name-conflict.error';
 import { DataStoreValidationError } from './errors/data-store-validation.error';
 

packages/cli/src/modules/data-table/data-store-rows.repository.ts

@@ -1,5 +1,4 @@
 import type { ListDataStoreContentQueryDto, DataTableFilter } from '@n8n/api-types';
-import { GlobalConfig } from '@n8n/config';
 import { CreateTable, DslColumn } from '@n8n/db';
 import { Service } from '@n8n/di';
 import {
@@ -35,6 +34,7 @@ import {
 	quoteIdentifier,
 	toDslColumns,
 	toSqliteGlobFromPercent,
+	toTableName,
 } from './utils/sql-utils';
 
 // eslint-disable-next-line @typescript-eslint/no-explicit-any
@@ -148,15 +148,7 @@ function getConditionAndParams(
 
 @Service()
 export class DataStoreRowsRepository {
-	constructor(
+	constructor(private dataSource: DataSource) {}
-		private dataSource: DataSource,
-		private readonly globalConfig: GlobalConfig,
-	) {}
-
-	toTableName(dataStoreId: string): DataStoreUserTableName {
-		const { tablePrefix } = this.globalConfig.database;
-		return `${tablePrefix}data_table_user_${dataStoreId}`;
-	}
 
 	async insertRowsBulk(
 		table: DataStoreUserTableName,
@@ -221,7 +213,7 @@ export class DataStoreRowsRepository {
 		const dbType = this.dataSource.options.type;
 		const useReturning = dbType === 'postgres' || dbType === 'mariadb';
 
-		const table = this.toTableName(dataStoreId);
+		const table = toTableName(dataStoreId);
 		const escapedColumns = columns.map((c) => this.dataSource.driver.escape(c.name));
 		const escapedSystemColumns = DATA_TABLE_SYSTEM_COLUMNS.map((x) =>
 			this.dataSource.driver.escape(x),
@@ -292,7 +284,7 @@ export class DataStoreRowsRepository {
 		const dbType = this.dataSource.options.type;
 		const useReturning = dbType === 'postgres';
 
-		const table = this.toTableName(dataStoreId);
+		const table = toTableName(dataStoreId);
 		const escapedColumns = columns.map((c) => this.dataSource.driver.escape(c.name));
 		const escapedSystemColumns = DATA_TABLE_SYSTEM_COLUMNS.map((x) =>
 			this.dataSource.driver.escape(x),
@@ -348,7 +340,7 @@ export class DataStoreRowsRepository {
 			return true;
 		}
 
-		const table = this.toTableName(dataStoreId);
+		const table = toTableName(dataStoreId);
 
 		await this.dataSource
 			.createQueryBuilder()
@@ -366,7 +358,7 @@ export class DataStoreRowsRepository {
 		queryRunner: QueryRunner,
 	) {
 		const dslColumns = [new DslColumn('id').int.autoGenerate2.primary, ...toDslColumns(columns)];
-		const createTable = new CreateTable(this.toTableName(dataStoreId), '', queryRunner).withColumns(
+		const createTable = new CreateTable(toTableName(dataStoreId), '', queryRunner).withColumns(
 			...dslColumns,
 		).withTimestamps;
 
@@ -374,7 +366,7 @@ export class DataStoreRowsRepository {
 	}
 
 	async dropTable(dataStoreId: string, queryRunner: QueryRunner) {
-		await queryRunner.dropTable(this.toTableName(dataStoreId), true);
+		await queryRunner.dropTable(toTableName(dataStoreId), true);
 	}
 
 	async addColumn(
@@ -383,7 +375,7 @@ export class DataStoreRowsRepository {
 		queryRunner: QueryRunner,
 		dbType: DataSourceOptions['type'],
 	) {
-		await queryRunner.query(addColumnQuery(this.toTableName(dataStoreId), column, dbType));
+		await queryRunner.query(addColumnQuery(toTableName(dataStoreId), column, dbType));
 	}
 
 	async dropColumnFromTable(
@@ -392,7 +384,7 @@ export class DataStoreRowsRepository {
 		queryRunner: QueryRunner,
 		dbType: DataSourceOptions['type'],
 	) {
-		await queryRunner.query(deleteColumnQuery(this.toTableName(dataStoreId), columnName, dbType));
+		await queryRunner.query(deleteColumnQuery(toTableName(dataStoreId), columnName, dbType));
 	}
 
 	async getManyAndCount(
@@ -411,7 +403,7 @@ export class DataStoreRowsRepository {
 	}
 
 	async getManyByIds(dataStoreId: string, ids: number[], columns: DataTableColumn[]) {
-		const table = this.toTableName(dataStoreId);
+		const table = toTableName(dataStoreId);
 		const escapedColumns = columns.map((c) => this.dataSource.driver.escape(c.name));
 		const escapedSystemColumns = DATA_TABLE_SYSTEM_COLUMNS.map((x) =>
 			this.dataSource.driver.escape(x),
@@ -446,7 +438,7 @@ export class DataStoreRowsRepository {
 		const query = this.dataSource.createQueryBuilder();
 
 		const tableReference = 'dataTable';
-		query.from(this.toTableName(dataStoreId), tableReference);
+		query.from(toTableName(dataStoreId), tableReference);
 		if (dto.filter) {
 			this.applyFilters(query, dto.filter, tableReference, columns);
 		}

packages/cli/src/modules/data-table/data-store-size-validator.service.ts

@@ -0,0 +1,83 @@
+import { GlobalConfig } from '@n8n/config';
+import { Service } from '@n8n/di';
+
+import { DataStoreValidationError } from './errors/data-store-validation.error';
+import { DataTableSizeStatus } from 'n8n-workflow';
+
+@Service()
+export class DataStoreSizeValidator {
+	private lastCheck: Date | undefined;
+	private cachedSizeInBytes: number | undefined;
+	private pendingCheck: Promise<number> | null = null;
+
+	constructor(private readonly globalConfig: GlobalConfig) {}
+
+	private shouldRefresh(sizeInBytes: number | undefined, now: Date): sizeInBytes is undefined {
+		if (
+			!this.lastCheck ||
+			now.getTime() - this.lastCheck.getTime() >= this.globalConfig.dataTable.sizeCheckCacheDuration
+		) {
+			sizeInBytes = undefined;
+		}
+
+		return sizeInBytes === undefined;
+	}
+
+	private async getCachedSize(
+		fetchSizeFn: () => Promise<number>,
+		now = new Date(),
+	): Promise<number> {
+		// If there's a pending check, wait for it to complete
+
+		if (this.pendingCheck) {
+			this.cachedSizeInBytes = await this.pendingCheck;
+		} else {
+			// Check if we need to refresh the db size
+
+			if (this.shouldRefresh(this.cachedSizeInBytes, now)) {
+				this.pendingCheck = fetchSizeFn();
+				try {
+					this.cachedSizeInBytes = await this.pendingCheck;
+					this.lastCheck = now;
+				} finally {
+					this.pendingCheck = null;
+				}
+			}
+		}
+
+		return this.cachedSizeInBytes;
+	}
+
+	async validateSize(fetchSizeFn: () => Promise<number>, now = new Date()): Promise<void> {
+		const size = await this.getCachedSize(fetchSizeFn, now);
+		if (size >= this.globalConfig.dataTable.maxSize) {
+			throw new DataStoreValidationError(
+				`Data store size limit exceeded: ${this.toMb(size)}MB used, limit is ${this.toMb(this.globalConfig.dataTable.maxSize)}MB`,
+			);
+		}
+	}
+
+	sizeToState(sizeBytes: number): DataTableSizeStatus {
+		if (sizeBytes >= this.globalConfig.dataTable.maxSize) {
+			return 'error';
+		} else if (sizeBytes >= this.globalConfig.dataTable.warningThreshold) {
+			return 'warn';
+		}
+		return 'ok';
+	}
+
+	async getSizeStatus(fetchSizeFn: () => Promise<number>, now = new Date()) {
+		const size = await this.getCachedSize(fetchSizeFn, now);
+		return this.sizeToState(size);
+	}
+
+	private toMb(sizeInBytes: number): number {
+		return Math.round(sizeInBytes / (1024 * 1024));
+	}
+
+	reset() {
+		this.lastCheck = undefined;
+		this.cachedSizeInBytes = undefined;
+		this.pendingCheck = null;
+	}
+}

packages/cli/src/modules/data-table/data-store.controller.ts

@@ -22,6 +22,7 @@ import {
 	Query,
 	RestController,
 } from '@n8n/decorators';
+import { DataStoreRowReturn } from 'n8n-workflow';
 
 import { BadRequestError } from '@/errors/response-errors/bad-request.error';
 import { ConflictError } from '@/errors/response-errors/conflict.error';
@@ -34,7 +35,6 @@ import { DataStoreColumnNotFoundError } from './errors/data-store-column-not-fou
 import { DataStoreNameConflictError } from './errors/data-store-name-conflict.error';
 import { DataStoreNotFoundError } from './errors/data-store-not-found.error';
 import { DataStoreValidationError } from './errors/data-store-validation.error';
-import { DataStoreRowReturn } from 'n8n-workflow';
 
 @RestController('/projects/:projectId/data-tables')
 export class DataStoreController {

packages/cli/src/modules/data-table/data-store.repository.ts

@@ -3,6 +3,7 @@ import {
 	type DataStoreCreateColumnSchema,
 	type ListDataStoreQueryDto,
 } from '@n8n/api-types';
+import { GlobalConfig } from '@n8n/config';
 import { Service } from '@n8n/di';
 import { DataSource, EntityManager, Repository, SelectQueryBuilder } from '@n8n/typeorm';
 import { UnexpectedError } from 'n8n-workflow';
@@ -10,12 +11,14 @@ import { UnexpectedError } from 'n8n-workflow';
 import { DataStoreRowsRepository } from './data-store-rows.repository';
 import { DataTableColumn } from './data-table-column.entity';
 import { DataTable } from './data-table.entity';
+import { toTableName } from './utils/sql-utils';
 
 @Service()
 export class DataStoreRepository extends Repository<DataTable> {
 	constructor(
 		dataSource: DataSource,
 		private dataStoreRowsRepository: DataStoreRowsRepository,
+		private readonly globalConfig: GlobalConfig,
 	) {
 		super(DataTable, dataSource.manager);
 	}
@@ -238,4 +241,50 @@ export class DataStoreRepository extends Repository<DataTable> {
 	private getProjectFields(alias: string): string[] {
 		return [`${alias}.id`, `${alias}.name`, `${alias}.type`, `${alias}.icon`];
 	}
+
+	async findDataTablesSize(): Promise<number> {
+		const dbType = this.globalConfig.database.type;
+		const schemaName = this.globalConfig.database.postgresdb.schema;
+
+		let sql = '';
+
+		switch (dbType) {
+			case 'sqlite':
+				sql = `
+        	SELECT SUM(pgsize) AS total_bytes
+					FROM dbstat
+					WHERE name LIKE '${toTableName('%')}'
+				`;
+				break;
+
+			case 'postgresdb':
+				sql = `
+        	SELECT SUM(pg_relation_size(c.oid)) AS total_bytes
+					FROM pg_class c
+					JOIN pg_namespace n ON n.oid = c.relnamespace
+					WHERE n.nspname = '${schemaName}'
+					AND c.relname LIKE '${toTableName('%')}'
+					AND c.relkind IN ('r', 'm', 'p')
+    		`;
+				break;
+
+			case 'mysqldb':
+			case 'mariadb': {
+				const databaseName = this.globalConfig.database.mysqldb.database;
+				sql = `
+        	SELECT SUM((DATA_LENGTH + INDEX_LENGTH)) AS total_bytes
+					FROM information_schema.tables
+					WHERE table_schema = '${databaseName}'
+					AND table_name LIKE '${toTableName('%')}'
+				`;
+				break;
+			}
+
+			default:
+				return 0;
+		}
+
+		const result = (await this.query(sql)) as Array<{ total_bytes: number | null }>;
+		return result[0]?.total_bytes ?? 0;
+	}
 }

packages/cli/src/modules/data-table/data-store.service.ts

@@ -24,6 +24,7 @@ import { validateFieldType } from 'n8n-workflow';
 
 import { DataStoreColumnRepository } from './data-store-column.repository';
 import { DataStoreRowsRepository } from './data-store-rows.repository';
+import { DataStoreSizeValidator } from './data-store-size-validator.service';
 import { DataStoreRepository } from './data-store.repository';
 import { columnTypeToFieldType } from './data-store.types';
 import { DataTableColumn } from './data-table-column.entity';
@@ -40,6 +41,7 @@ export class DataStoreService {
 		private readonly dataStoreColumnRepository: DataStoreColumnRepository,
 		private readonly dataStoreRowsRepository: DataStoreRowsRepository,
 		private readonly logger: Logger,
+		private readonly dataStoreSizeValidator: DataStoreSizeValidator,
 	) {
 		this.logger = this.logger.scoped('data-table');
 	}
@@ -148,6 +150,7 @@ export class DataStoreService {
 		rows: DataStoreRows,
 		returnType: DataTableInsertRowsReturnType = 'count',
 	) {
+		await this.validateDataTableSize();
 		await this.validateDataStoreExists(dataStoreId, projectId);
 		await this.validateRows(dataStoreId, rows);
 
@@ -167,6 +170,7 @@ export class DataStoreService {
 		dto: Omit<UpsertDataStoreRowDto, 'returnData'>,
 		returnData: boolean = false,
 	) {
+		await this.validateDataTableSize();
 		const updated = await this.updateRow(dataStoreId, projectId, dto, true);
 
 		if (updated.length > 0) {
@@ -195,6 +199,7 @@ export class DataStoreService {
 		dto: Omit<UpdateDataTableRowDto, 'returnData'>,
 		returnData = false,
 	) {
+		await this.validateDataTableSize();
 		await this.validateDataStoreExists(dataTableId, projectId);
 
 		const columns = await this.dataStoreColumnRepository.getColumns(dataTableId);
@@ -383,4 +388,18 @@ export class DataStoreService {
 			}
 		}
 	}
+
+	private async validateDataTableSize() {
+		await this.dataStoreSizeValidator.validateSize(
+			async () => await this.dataStoreRepository.findDataTablesSize(),
+		);
+	}
+
+	async getDataTablesSize() {
+		const sizeBytes = await this.dataStoreRepository.findDataTablesSize();
+		return {
+			sizeBytes,
+			sizeState: this.dataStoreSizeValidator.sizeToState(sizeBytes),
+		};
+	}
 }

packages/cli/src/modules/data-table/utils/sql-utils.ts

@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 import { DATA_STORE_COLUMN_REGEX, type DataStoreCreateColumnSchema } from '@n8n/api-types';
+import { GlobalConfig } from '@n8n/config';
 import { DslColumn } from '@n8n/db';
+import { Container } from '@n8n/di';
 import type { DataSourceOptions } from '@n8n/typeorm';
 import type { DataStoreColumnJsType, DataStoreRowReturn, DataStoreRowsReturn } from 'n8n-workflow';
 import { UnexpectedError } from 'n8n-workflow';
@@ -286,3 +288,8 @@ export function escapeLikeSpecials(input: string): string {
 		.replace(/\\/g, '\\\\') // escape the escape char itself
 		.replace(/_/g, '\\_'); // make '_' literal ('%' stays a wildcard)
 }
+
+export function toTableName(dataStoreId: string): DataStoreUserTableName {
+	const { tablePrefix } = Container.get(GlobalConfig).database;
+	return `${tablePrefix}data_table_user_${dataStoreId}`;
+}

packages/cli/src/services/frontend.service.ts

@@ -182,6 +182,10 @@ export class FrontendService {
 					callbackUrl: `${instanceBaseUrl}/${restEndpoint}/sso/oidc/callback`,
 				},
 			},
+			dataTables: {
+				maxSize: this.globalConfig.dataTable.maxSize,
+				warningThreshold: this.globalConfig.dataTable.warningThreshold,
+			},
 			publicApi: {
 				enabled: isApiEnabled(),
 				latestVersion: 1,

packages/frontend/editor-ui/src/__tests__/defaults.ts

@@ -110,6 +110,10 @@ export const defaultSettings: FrontendSettings = {
 		whatsNewEnabled: true,
 		whatsNewEndpoint: '',
 	},
+	dataTables: {
+		maxSize: 0,
+		warningThreshold: 0,
+	},
 	workflowCallerPolicyDefaultOption: 'any',
 	workflowTagsDisabled: false,
 	variables: {

packages/workflow/src/data-store.types.ts

@@ -98,6 +98,12 @@ export type DataTableInsertRowsResult<
 		? Array<Pick<DataStoreRowReturn, 'id'>>
 		: DataTableInsertRowsBulkResult;
 
+export type DataTableSizeStatus = 'ok' | 'warn' | 'error';
+export type DataTablesSizeResult = {
+	sizeBytes: number;
+	sizeState: DataTableSizeStatus;
+};
+
 // APIs for a data store service operating on a specific projectId
 export interface IDataStoreProjectAggregateService {
 	getProjectId(): string;